Objective: Specific ABO blood group and Rh antigens are found to be associated with several malignancies and lung cancer. However, the relationship between blood type and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation in lung cancer remains poorly investigated. Material and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 105 EGFR mutation-positive and 169 EGFR mutation-negative lung adenocarcinoma patients were included. Baseline characteristics of the patients were determined. Odds ratios were calculated for the relationship of EGFR mutation positivity according to the ABO and Rh blood type. Overall survival difference according to the blood types was analyzed in metastatic patients that were diagnosed in the EGFR-mutant group. Results: There was no statistically significant increase observed in the relationship of EGFR mutation positivity for any of ABO and Rh types (OR and p-value, respectively; A: 1.15–0.57, B: 0.68– 0.28, AB: 1–0.98, O: 1.06–0.82, Rh: 1.04–0.91). There was no statistically significant overall survival difference between ABO types (16, 21.1, 18.9, 24.9 months for O, A, B, AB blood groups, respectively). Conclusion: No significant association between blood type and EGFR mutation positivity in lung adenocarcinoma could be established.